The International Court of Justice (ICJ), often referred to as the World Court, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in 1945, and its headquarters are in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICJ’s primary role is to settle legal disputes between states and provide advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN bodies and specialized agencies.
Adjudication of Disputes: The primary function of the ICJ is to settle legal disputes between states. States that are parties to a dispute can submit their cases to the Court voluntarily or through agreements or conventions that obligate them to do so. The ICJ issues legally binding judgments that parties are expected to comply with.
Advisory Opinions: The ICJ can provide advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN bodies, such as the General Assembly and the Security Council, and specialized agencies. While advisory opinions are not legally binding, they carry significant weight and are often use to clarify legal issues.
The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who are elected by the UN General Assembly and the Security Council. Judges serve nine-year terms and can be re-elected . The Court’s composition aims to represent a diversity of legal systems and regions.
The ICJ operates on principles such as equality of states, consent of the parties, and the application of international law. Its procedures are established in its Statute and Rules of Court.
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