Privileged Communications: The Indian Evidence Act recognizes certain types of privileged communications that are protected from being disclosed as evidence. For example, communications between advocates and clients, husband and wife, or doctor and patient are generally considered privileged and cannot be used as evidence, except in certain circumstances.
Burden of Proof: The Act establishes the burden of proof, which refers to the responsibility to prove or disprove a fact. In criminal cases, the burden lies on the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt. In civil cases, the burden varies depending on the nature of the case.
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