The elements of negligence typically include:
- Duty of Care: The defendant (the person or entity being accused of negligence) must have owed a legal duty of care to the plaintiff. This duty is a legal obligation to act in a manner that a reasonably prudent person would under similar circumstances to avoid causing harm to others.
- Breach of Duty: The defendant must have breached their duty of care by failing to act as a reasonably prudent person would have in the same situation. The key question here is whether the defendant’s actions or omissions fell below the standard of care expected in the given circumstances.
- Causation: The plaintiff must prove that the defendant’s breach of duty was the direct cause of the harm or injury suffered. There are two aspects of causation to consider: “cause in fact” (i.e., but for the defendant’s actions, the harm would not have occurred) and “proximate cause” (i.e., the harm was a foreseeable consequence of the defendant’s actions).
- Damages: The plaintiff must have suffered actual damages (physical, emotional, or financial) as a result of the defendant’s negligence. Without measurable harm, there is no basis for a negligence claim.
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