Author (Anushree Baregama)
INTRODUCTION
A pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, China was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019.
WHO is working 24/7 to analyse data, advise, coordinate with partners, prepare countries, increase supply, and manage specialist network, The outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020. On 11 February 2020, WHO announced a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID-19.
Coping with the unexpected challenges caused by the COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant impact on people around the world. Medical News Today, talking with people from different countries, has asked how the epidemic has affected their lives. At the time of writing this particular feature, there are over 96,28,258 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and 490,401 in India
COVID-19 cases have been reported in 213 countries and regions, and the whole world is buzzing with uncertainty and questions: How long will the epidemic last? What will people’s lives look like when the epidemic ends?
Many countries have announced restrictive measures to prevent the epidemic at the local level, such as lockdown, shelter in place or staying at home orders. However, wildly varying responses and reaction deadlines have led people to wonder if the authorities failed to take the situation seriously when they could have done more to slow the spread of corona virus,
Because of this epidemic we faced many problems and still we are facing so many problems
There are so many consequences of this epidemic like.
- Economic Crisis
- Public Health Crisis
- Migration of People
- Social and Political Disruption
- Trends Affecting Pandemic Risk
- Risk Communication
- Pandemic Spread
MIGRANTS IN INDIA
An important aspect of studies on population is the study of migration arising from various social, economic or political reasons. For a large country like India, studying the movement of population in different parts of the country helps in better understanding the dynamics of society. At this junction in economic development in the country, especially when many states are experiencing rapid economic growth, particularly in areas such as manufacturing, information technology or service sectors, the data migration profile of the population has become more important, When a person is included in a census at a location different from his place of birth, he is considered a migrant. This may be due to marriage, which is the most common cause of migration among women — or for work, what is usually the case among men, etc. It also happens that many people return to their place of birth after being Outcome. The final gathering of migration information to capture such movements of the population census helps to better understand the current migration scenario. In India, according to the 2001 census, about 307 million persons have been reported as emigrating according to place of birth. About 259 million (84.2%) of them migrated from E part of the state to another part, i.e. from one village or town to another village or town. 42 million (2%) from outside the country. According to Census 2001, data on past residence migration in India shows that the total number of migrants has been 314 million. Of these migrants from previous residence, 268 million (85%) are inter-state migrants, who migrated from one state to another. 41 million (13%) were interstate migrants and 5.1 million (1.6%) came from outside
During the last decade, about 98 million of the total intra-state and inter-state migrants in the country, 61 million have moved to rural areas and 36 million to urban areas. Migration from rural areas (73 million) was much higher (53 million) than rural areas to urban areas
(20 million) compared to other rural areas. Around 6 million migrants migrated from urban areas to rural areas. On the basis of net migrants to the previous place of residence during the last decade, i.e., the difference between migration in and out of each state, Maharashtra tops the list with 2.3 million net migrants, followed by Delhi (1.7 million), According to the Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million) census. Uttar Pradesh (-2.6 million) and Bihar (-1.7 million) were the two states with the highest number of net migrants from outside the state. There are various reasons for migration according to information gathered in Census 2001 for migration by last residence. Most female migrants cite the ‘marriage’ as the reason for migration, especially when migration is within the state. For men, the major reasons for migration are ‘work / employment’ and ‘education’.
The latest government data on migration comes from the 2011 census. According to the census, in 2011 there were 45.7 million migrants in India (3 the% of the population), compared to 31.5 million migrants (31% of the population) in 2001. Between 2001 and 2011, while the population increased by 18%, the number of migrants increased by 45%. In 2011, 99% of total migration was internal and immigrants (international migrants) comprised 1%.
IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN OF MIGRANTS
The lockdown has severely affected migrants, many of whom have lost their jobs due to the closure of industries and are stranded outside their places of origin who want to return.
The Indian has been in lockdown since March 25, 2020. During this time, the activities that contributed to the production and supply of essential goods and services were not complete.
Passenger trains and flights were halted. The lockdown has severely affected migrants, many of whom have lost their jobs due to the closure of industries and are stranded outside their places of origin who want to return. Migrants worker in India stranded due to the lockdown.
Since then, the government has announced relief measures for migrants and has arranged for migrants to return to their places of origin. During lockdown thousands of migrant workers could be seen on a long walk home to their native villages. The biggest problem was food.
There are some statements by the migrants who were going back to their home –
It is so tiring to walk all the way. On the top of this police beat us. They chase us, and we have to go back and start again. They treat us like we are animals, not humans. Employer also paid only for 23 days not even the full month how can we survive like this. The 21day Nationwide lockdown was forced thousands of migrant workers from across India to walk back home women and children among those who have walked miles with luggage and we were helpless. They were survived on biscuits and water, they were running out of supplies and many people haven’t eaten anything for 3 days, 7 months pregnant women walked 500 km to reach home, On 8 may, 17 migrant labourers run over by the train in Aurangabad, The lockdown led to more than 300 deaths by 5 May, with reasons for starvation, suicide, exhaustion, road and rail accidents, police vandalism denied by timely medical care. Of the reported deaths, the majority were marginalized migrants and laborers. A month after its launching, 80 died on their way back home in labour special trains.
Notably, on 14 May, eight migrant workers were killed and about 55 injured after a truck collided near Guna in Madhya Pradesh. On 16 May, 24 migrant workers were killed and several others injured when a trailer carrying migrants (along with lime sacks) boarded a stationary truck carrying migrants in Auraiya district, Uttar Pradesh. Entered. [10)] According to data collected by the Save Life Foundation, 198 migrant workers were killed in road accidents as of 2 June, an NGO working in road safety.
many of migrant labourers died because of hunger. At that time they were not getting any type of help or any wages anything so that is also one of issue that’s why they were desperate to go home.
Supreme Court of India, Recognizing the problems faced by migrants stranded in different parts of the country, they reviewed the transport and relief arrangements made by the government.
Issues faced by migrants during the complete lockdown
Job lost
Wages suspended
No means of Transport
Supplies running out
Hunger
And Miles to go
RELIEF MEASURES BY THE GOVERNMENT
Soon after the nationwide lockout was announced in late March, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced spending of ₹ 1.7 lakh crore (US $ 24 billion) for the poor. This included cash transfers and steps to ensure food security. On April 3, the central government released Rs 11,092 crore to the states and union territories for arranging food and shelter for migrants. The average daily wage under the MGNREGA was increased to 202 (US $ 2.80) from the earlier $ 182 (US $ 2.60) by April 1. On 13 May the ₹ 1,000 crore was allocated from the PM CARES fund for the support of migrant workers. On 14 May, FM Sitharaman announced free food grains for migrant workers (targeting 80 million migrant workers, spending 35 billion (US $ 490 million), Also government arranged transport facilities for the migrants.
State government arranged so many busses for the migrant labours and on 1 may, the central government permitted railways to launch “Shramik Special” trains for the migrant workers and other stranded. 4,227 Shramik Special trains had transported about 60 lakh people.
The conclusion
Since the spread of the virus is likely to disrupt economic activities and negatively affect manufacturing and service industries, particularly in developed countries, we expect the financial market to remain volatile. There is still a question as to whether this catastrophic crisis will have a permanent structural impact on the global economy or the large-scale short-term financial and economic consequences. In any case, it is clear that communicable diseases such as COVID-19 have the potential to incur serious economic and financial costs in regional and global economies. Due to high transport connectivity, globalization, and economic interconnection, it has become extremely difficult and costly to incorporate viruses and reduce import risks as the disease began to spread to many places. It warrants preventive measures including international collective action and global investment in vaccine development and distribution, as well as capacity building in real-time monitoring and the development of contact tracing capabilities nationally and internationally. As the outbreak of novel infections is unlikely to disappear in the near future, active international actions are needed not only to save lives, but also to protect economic prosperity.
